The basics · 2 min read
What is addiction?
"Addiction" is a word people use in many ways. Understanding what it generally means can help you make sense of what you're seeing, without needing to diagnose anyone.
A working description
Addiction generally describes a pattern of using a substance, or engaging in a behaviour, that becomes increasingly difficult to control and continues despite causing harm. Professionals may use terms such as dependence or substance use disorder.
Common features
- strong cravings or urges
- difficulty cutting down or stopping
- needing more to get the same effect (tolerance)
- physical or emotional withdrawal symptoms
- continuing despite problems with health, work, money or relationships
It exists on a spectrum
Problems with alcohol or drugs range from occasional harmful use through to severe dependence. Someone doesn't need to fit every description for their use to be causing problems.
Many factors contribute
Genetics, mental health, life experiences, trauma, stress and social environment can all play a part. Addiction is not simply a lack of willpower or a moral failing.
Key considerations
- Only a qualified professional can make a diagnosis.
- Understanding addiction doesn't mean excusing harmful behaviour.
- Addiction can affect anyone, regardless of background.
Suggested next steps
- Read about addiction and the brain.
- Explore common misconceptions.
- Visit the NHS addiction support pages.
Further reading from trusted sources
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Addiction and the brain
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